ISRO ACHIEVEMENTS
CHANDRAYAN1
Chandrayaan-1 was India’s first lunar mission, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on October 22, 2008. It marked a significant milestone in India's space exploration efforts. Here are some key highlights about the mission: Objectives: Study the Moon's surface: Chandrayaan-1 aimed to provide high-resolution imaging of the Moon's surface, particularly the polar regions. Mineralogical Mapping: It sought to identify the distribution of elements and minerals on the lunar surface. Search for Water: One of its most significant objectives was to search for evidence of water or ice on the Moon. Key Achievements: Water Discovery: One of Chandrayaan-1’s most groundbreaking achievements was confirming the presence of water/hydroxyl molecules on the Moon’s surface. This discovery was made using NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) onboard the spacecraft. Polar Imaging: The mission helped in mapping the lunar poles, revealing permanently shadowed craters where water ice could exist. Data on Lunar Topography and Composition: It provided detailed maps of the Moon’s surface, including topographical and chemical analysis. Instruments: Chandrayaan-1 carried 11 scientific instruments from India and international partners (including NASA, ESA, and Bulgaria), which studied various aspects of the Moon, such as: Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) for high-resolution images. Moon Impact Probe (MIP), which intentionally crash-landed on the Moon’s surface, confirming the presence of water molecules. Duration: Though the mission was originally planned for two years, Chandrayaan-1’s communication was lost on August 29, 2009, ending the mission after about 10 months.
CHANDRAYAN2
Chandrayaan-2 is India's second lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched on July 22, 2019 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, using the GSLV Mk III rocket. The mission aimed to explore the Moon's south polar region, focusing on lunar topography, mineralogy, and exosphere studies. Key Components: Orbiter: Successfully placed in lunar orbit, it continues to study the Moon from above. It carries eight scientific instruments to study the lunar surface and atmosphere. Vikram Lander: Designed to land on the Moon’s surface. Unfortunately, communication was lost during its descent on September 6, 2019, just 2.1 kilometers above the surface. Pragyan Rover: Was housed inside the Vikram lander and was supposed to explore the lunar surface after landing. However, it never deployed due to the lander's crash. Objectives: To map the Moon’s surface. Study water ice in permanently shadowed craters. Study lunar soil and exosphere. Investigate the Moon’s geology, mineral distribution, and water presence. Despite the lander failure, the orbiter remains fully functional and continues to send valuable data back to Earth, making Chandrayaan-2 a partially successful mission.
CHANDRAYAN3
Chandrayaan-3 is India's third lunar exploration mission, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched on July 14, 2023, and successfully landed on the Moon on August 23, 2023, making India the fourth country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon after the United States, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), and China. Chandrayaan-3 specifically targeted the south polar region of the Moon, a previously unexplored area. Key Components: Lander (Vikram): The lander successfully made a soft landing and deployed the rover. It is equipped with instruments to study the lunar surface and seismic activity. Rover (Pragyan): The rover's mission was to explore the lunar surface, analyzing soil composition and conducting experiments to study the Moon's environment. Propulsion Module: Used to transport the lander module into lunar orbit before detaching. Mission Objectives: Soft Landing: Ensuring a successful soft landing on the lunar surface. Surface Exploration: The rover aimed to cover a significant distance to collect data on the Moon's composition and atmosphere. Scientific Experiments: The mission carried out scientific experiments to further our understanding of the Moon's geology and resources. Chandrayaan-3 follows the partially successful Chandrayaan-2 mission, in which the orbiter functioned well, but the lander lost communication during its descent.
"When you launch a rocket, you are not delivering a satellite into space; you are delivering hope, possibilities, and a better future for your country."
APJ ABDULKALAM
MANGALYAAN
Mangalyaan, officially known as the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), is India’s first interplanetary mission, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It made India the first Asian country to reach Mars orbit and the fourth space agency in the world to do so, after NASA, the Soviet space program, and the European Space Agency.
Key Details:
- Launch Date: November 5, 2013
- Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C25 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)
- Mars Orbit Insertion: September 24, 2014
- Mission Duration: Initially planned for 6 months, but the spacecraft operated for over 7 years, exceeding expectations.
ARYABHATTA SATTELITE
Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after the astronomer. It was launched on 19 April 1975 from Kapustin Yar, a Soviet rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by ISRO, and launched by the Soviet Union as a part of the Soviet Interkosmos programme which provided access to space for friendly states.
Chandrayaan-1 was India’s first lunar exploration mission, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on October 22, 2008. It marked a significant milestone in India’s space program, aiming to explore the Moon and strengthen India’s presence in space research.
Chandrayaan-2 was India’s second lunar exploration mission, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on July 22, 2019. Building on the success of Chandrayaan-1, this mission aimed to further explore the Moon, particularly the south polar region, which remains largely unexplored.
isro means indian space organigation
chandrayaan1,chandrayaan2,mangalyaan,etc